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　　2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）

　　Section I Use of English

　　Direction:

　　Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

　　①The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.②But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.

　　①Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?

　　①Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place—a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.②The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer,and would authenticate users at a range of online services.

　　①The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.②Users could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.③The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.

　　①Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.

　　①12,the approach would create a“walled garden”in cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.

　　①Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.

　　①Still,the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists.②Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.③It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“driver’s license”mentality.

　　①The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.②They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

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